Building on preliminary studies about how reach carbon neutrality/ low-carbon future, this group considered all energy systems that have been considered for the Cornell campus.

The summary of the results:

• If the electricity price is higher than $0.02/kWh, the use of ESH system outperforms the ground-source heat pumps from economic perspective
• Currently, green hydrogen demonstrates worse economic performance than hot water tank and heat pumps (energy storage > green hydrogen)
• Generally, more base-load geothermal well sets lead to lower total annual cost (larger base load > heat pumps > energy storage > green hydrogen)